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11-17-2011, 02:36 AM
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COM619 E-commerce in pakistan project report
Introduction
Now the a whole new virtual world is in front of us that is perhaps so much the daily part of our life that it is becoming really difficult to draw the line between the virtual world and the real one. Imagine of a shop that welcomes about 625million views every day and the shop is only one not even having any of its branches. It looks more imaginary that the shop even does not have any bricks and mortar existence, but it does exists in the real world with the name of Yahoo. Com which is most visited site every day. Imagine the power of technology giant on the information super high way, when you just receive a video clip of your beloved one in the very next movement. Although you are in Pakistan and other is sitting in his or her room in any part of earth with a laptop not connected to any wire. E-commerce Defining e-commerce[/B] Microsoft Encarta Computer Dictionary defines e-commerce as following. “Commercial activity that takes place by means of connected computers. Electronic commerce can occur between a user and a vendor through an online information service on the Internet, or a BBS, or between vendor and customer computers through electronic data interchange (EDI).” These enable new ways of conducting business between and across organizations. Electronic Commerce includes smart cards, Intranets, GroupWare, workflow and Internet information access. Smart cards are like credit or payment cards but replace the magnetic strip with a microchip, which can hold information, for instance about the user, and can also, operate as electronic purses. Intranets provide a means of establishing Internet-style communication within a closed user group, such as within an organization. GroupWare enables personnel to work together in teams through the computerized sharing of information. Workflow is an electronic means of mapping business processes to track the movement of work between people. Under the e-commerce we can see that following are the main activities that are being performed over the Internet. These business operations include all the business to business and business to consumer activities. Ø Information exchange Ø Goods and services trading Ø Online digital content delivery Ø Electronic funds transfer and transaction processing Ø Electronic share trading Ø Collaborative work orientation Ø Manufacturing management Ø Accounts settlement Ø Online Sourcing Types of E-Commerce Here we are going to define the types of e-commerce. These are not exactly the types in their true sense but are like constituents to the e-commerce. E-commerce includes all the following things but it does not mean that every one of them is exactly the e-commerce itself. In order to is an e-commerce activity, one of them or the group of them join together to form an e-commerce activity. Basically there are only two major types of e-commerce that includes following. Ø B2B (Business to Business e-commerce ) Ø B2C (Business to Consumer e-commerce ) Under these two major types there are subtypes that can be included under the both main types of e-commerce. These subtypes include following. Ø B2B2C Ø G2B and G2C Ø EDI Ø E- Tailing Ø E-mail Ø Fax, Internet telephony Ø M-Commerce (Mobile commerce) Ø C-Commerce (Collaborative Commerce) Now we are going to explain all these main types and the subtypes in detail. B2B commerce B2B or businesses to business systems are designed for businesses to collaborate or sell goods and services to each other. B2B commerce is in fact the major portion of e-commerce that is going on Internet this time. Almost 60% of the e-commerce activity on the Internet are between the businesses. The big giants like Intel, Sony, and alibaba. Com is earning their major share on the Internet through b2b transactions. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) is a standard format for exchanging business data on the Internet. We can define EDI as follows. “Computer to Computer Exchange of structured Business documents while using industry defined standards.” It can also be described as Electronic data interchange (EDI) is a form of electronic communication that allows businesses to exchange transaction data and documents in structured formats that can be processed by computer applications software. Electronic data interchange (EDI) is a form of electronic communication that allows businesses to exchange transaction data and documents in structured formats that can be processed by computer applications software. EDI is described by Monczka and Carter as the direct electronic transmission, computer to computer, of standard business forms between two organizations. EDI is not a technical solution. It is a complete business process in its implementation. It provides end to end seamless transfer of data between the trading partners, regardless of the respective computer envoirments. Business to Consumer (E-tailing) E-tailing (less frequently: e-tailing) is the selling of retail goods on the Internet. Short for “electronic retailing” and used in Internet discussions as early as 1995, the term seems an almost inevitable addition to e-mail, e-business, and e-commerce. E tailing is synonymous with business-to-consumer (B2C) transaction. E tailing began to work for some major corporations and smaller entrepreneurs as early as 1997 when Dell Computer reported multimillion-dollar orders taken at its Web site. The success of Amazon.com hastened the arrival of Barnes and Noble’s e-tail site. Concerns about secure order taking receded. 1997 was also the year in which Auto-by-Tel reported that they had sold their millionth car over the Web, and Commerce Net/Nielsen Media reported that 10 million people had made purchases on the Web. Jupiter research predicted that e tailing would grow to $37 billion by 2002. B2B2C systems B2B2C systems are merely combinations of B2B and B2C systems designed to manage the whole supply chain from the consumer through to raw materials providers. They are design to process orders from consumers and then use this information to place orders with wholesalers and ultimately manufacturers. G2B and G2C G2B and G2C systems involve the government providing services to business and consumers. These services may range from the on-line provision of information through to electronic lodgment of forms or tax returns. Fax, and Internet Telephony E-commerce is also conducted through the more limited electronic forms of communication called e-mail, facsimile or fax, and the emerging use of telephone calls over the Internet. Most of this is business-to-business, with some companies attempting to use e-mail and fax for unsolicited ads (usually viewed as online junk mail or Spam) to consumers and other business prospects. By definition we can define e – mail as following “E-mail (electronic mail) is the exchange of computer-stored messages by telecommunication.” “The use of computer systems to transfer messages between users.” E-mail messages are usually encoded in ASCII text. However, you can also send non-text files, such as graphic images and sound files, as attachments sent in binary streams. E-mail was one of the first uses of the Internet and is still the most popular use. A large percentage of the total traffic over the Internet is e-mail. E-mail can also be exchanged between online service users and in networks other than the Internet, both public and private. Mobile Commerce It is quite a new concept still now and many companies are currently working on it. Although it is being used and experimented in the developed countries. In Pakistan it is quite at initial stage as there was no Internet connection was available for the mobile phones. Recently a week ago (October 1, 2000) Nokia has launched its new mobile phone with the Internet facilities in the market and it is gonna open the door of mobile commerce in Pakistan. MCB has also started the Mobile commerce in Pakistan. Mobile commerce will be a big part of e-commerce in the near future as one can foresee the amount of mobile phone users and the increased time saving concerns of the human kind. Collaborative Commerce Along with the mobile commerce a new concept of collaborative commerce is also immerging and infact being implemented on the Internet. Collaborative commerce is the fulfillment of consumer order not only by one company or one business but a group of businesses. In this Internet world one may be working with his or her competitor for the sake of an order fulfillment. Suppose a customer wants a car that have an engine of Ferrari and has an executive out look of Mercedes. He can place this order on the Internet and both companies can join together to fulfill this order with the help of a third company that is actually present on the net and taking the order. Internet to E-Commerce The basic reason for which the Internet was formed by the ARPAnet was a part of defense strategy of US defense department. Then it leads to the use for the education and research purposes and ultimately it evolved into a new way of ding business. So now we see that how Internet was born and how a new branch of commerce formed called the e-commerce today. Defining Internet The Internet, in its broadest sense, can be defined as a collection or interconnection of any different networks of computer hosts, clients, and servers that collectively provide and use information and connection services. 
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